Language Arts
Language Arts Frameworks
Metacognition Strategies for Understanding Text

Before reading, students…

During reading, students…

After reading, students…

  • Set a purpose
  • Activate prior knowledge (schema)
  • Preview text
  • Identify text structure clues (e.g., chronological, cause/effect, compare/contrast, etc.)
  • Locate text features (e.g., transitional words, subheadings, bold print, etc.)
  • Use Cues: graphics and pictures
  • Skim/Scan
  • Predict and make text-based references
  • Sample a page of text for readability and interest
  • Self-monitor using:
    • Meaning
    • Language structure
    • Print cues
  • Reread
  • Self-correct
  • Clarify
  • Determine Importance
  • Generate literal, clarifying, and inferential questions
  • Visualize
  • Construct sensory images
  • Summarize and paraphrase
  • Check predictions
  • Interpret
    • Literal meaning
    • Inferential meaning
  • Make Connections, using
    • Graphics
    • Pictures
  • Monitor fluency (oral/silent; or text complexity)
    • Adjust rate
    • Use punctuation and dialogue cues
    • Use phrasing, intonation, expression
  • Read for accuracy
  • Use note-taking strategies
  • Reread for confirmation
  • Summarize and paraphrase key ideas
  • Evaluate
  • Accuracy of information
  • Literary merit and use of author’s craft
  • Clarify
  • Analyze information within and across texts
  • Support conclusions with references from text
  • Synthesize
  • Connect ideas/themes in text to…
    • Text: Compare one text to another text
    • Self: Relate and explain ideas or events in text to personal experience
    • World: Recognize commonalities of text to world