Science

Frameworks

Science Process Skills

SPS1– Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking Skills (INQ) 9-12

1. MAKING OBSERVATIONS AND ASKING QUESTIONS

By the end of Grade 11, all students will apply skills from previous grades and…

By the end of Grade 12, advanced students will apply skills from previous grades and…

S:SPS1:11:1.1 Ask questions about relationships among variables that can be observed directly as well as those that cannot.

S:SPS1:11:1.2 Use complex classification criteria and keys to identify items/organisms.

S:SPS1:11:1.3 Evaluate complex methods of classification for a specific purpose.

S:SPS1:11:1.4 Identify limitations of a given classification system and identify alternative ways of classifying to accommodate anomalies.

S:SPS1:12:1.1 Define and delimit problems to facilitate investigation.

S:SPS1:12:1.2 Make and record measurements to the correct number of significant figures based on the precision of the instrument used.

S:SPS1:12:1.3 Make measurements and observations about a variety of events and phenomena, including those that occur during very small and very large time frames.

S:SPS1:12:1.4 Ask questions about relationships between and among observable variables as well as theoretical entities.

S:SPS1:12:1.5 Use, evaluate and apply complex classification schemes based on an understanding of scientific concepts, laws and principles.

S:SPS1:12:1.6 Describe and apply classification systems and nomenclatures used in the sciences.

2. DESIGNING SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

By the end of Grade 11, all students will apply skills from previous grades and…

By the end of Grade 12, advanced students will apply skills from previous grades and…

S:SPS1:11:2.1 Apply scientific theories and laws to new situations to generate hypotheses.

S:SPS1:11:2.2 State a hypothesis and prediction based on available evidence and background information.

S:SPS1:12:2.1 Identify the theoretical basis of an investigation and develop a prediction and a hypothesis that are consistent with the theoretical basis.

S:SPS1:12:2.2 Evaluate and select appropriate instruments for collecting data and evidence in an investigation.

S:SPS1:12:2.3 Develop appropriate sampling procedures for a given investigation.

3. CONDUCTING SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS

By the end of Grade 11, all students will apply skills from previous grades and…

By the end of Grade 12, advanced students will apply skills from previous grades and…

S:SPS1:11:3.1 Select and use apparatus and material safely.

S:SPS1:11:3.2 Use instruments effectively and accurately for collecting data.

S:SPS1:11:3.3 Compile and organize data, using appropriate units.

S:SPS1:12:3.1 Carry out procedures controlling major variables and adapting or extending procedures where required.

S:SPS1:12:3.2 Implement appropriate sampling procedures.

S:SPS1:12:3.3 Identify and explain sources of error and uncertainty in measurement and express results in a form that acknowledges the degree of uncertainty.

4. REPRESENTING AND UNDERSTANDING RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS

By the end of Grade 11, all students will apply skills from previous grades and…

By the end of Grade 12, advanced students will apply skills from previous grades and…

S:SPS1:11:4.1 Compile and display data, evidence and information by hand and computer, in a variety of formats, including diagrams, flow charts, tables, graphs and scatter plots.

S:SPS1:12:4.1 Interpret patterns and trends in data, and infer or calculate linear and non-linear relationships among variables.

S:SPS1:12:4.2 Compare theoretical and empirical values and account for discrepancies.

S:SPS1:12:4.3 Evaluate the relevance, reliability and adequacy of data and data collection methods.

5. EVALUATING SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS

By the end of Grade 11, all students will apply skills from previous grades and…

By the end of Grade 12, advanced students will apply skills from previous grades and…

S:SPS1:11:5.1 Explain how data support or refute the hypothesis or prediction.

S:SPS1:11:5.2 Provide a statement that addresses and answers the question investigated in light of the evidence generated in the investigation.
S:SPS1:12:5.1 Explain how two different scientific explanations for the same phenomenon can be evaluated using the predictive value of the explanations.

S:SPS1:12:5.2 Apply and assess alternative theoretical models.
NECAP ASSESSMENT TARGETS FOR INQUIRY

MAY BE SUBJECT OF PERFORMANCE COMPONENT

NECAP ASSESSMENT TARGETS

S:ESS1:11:4.1
S:ESS1:11:3.2
S:LS1:11:2.8
S:LS2:11:1.5
S:LS3:11:3.9
S:LS3:11:2.6
S:LS4:11:2.6
S:PS1:11:2.6
S:PS2:11:3.10
S:PS3:11:1.8

(For actual text: please see GSE's for Earth Space, Life, and Physical Science.)